The question is not as straight forward as it looks. The gap between spending and income isn’t constant.
Free money that goes to bottom rung households tends to immediately get spent. The higher the rung, the more the savings. This is complicated by the fact that most of the money was supposed to go to lower tiers, and further complicated by corporate fraud, especially in round one.
More importantly, personal spending does not count mortgage paydowns, stock market or Bitcoin purchases, capital expenses for businesses, drug money, other illegal uses, or money sent to relatives overseas.
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The Peterson Foundation reports direct checks were $292 billion in round one, $164 billion in round two, and $411 billion in round three.
There was $850 billion of direct payments to taxpayers with the biggest and most unwarranted round the last.
Spending data suggests free money, at least most of direct payments, already did enter the economy.
However, that does not factor in unpaid rent via eviction moratoriums or SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), formerly Food Stamps, which I will address in a separate post.
So yes, there still could be a pile of unspent stimulus savings, possibly much higher than my $2 trillion summation estimate, again with my caveats on investments, sending money overseas, etc.
Economists like to watch the 2-10 spread because that is one of the most reliable recession indicators.
Seemingly, inversions are far away, but that is mostly an illusion.
The 2-10 spread has been sinking like a rock. That spread was 1.58 percentage points on March 19, 2021 as shown in the lead chart. It’s now down to 0.61 percentage points.
If the Fed gets in as little as two hikes, the 2-10 spread will invert as it typically does before a recession.
Of course, the 10-year yields may keep rising, but the problem is 2-year yields have risen faster.
The Producer Price Index for final demand increased 0.2 percent in December. This rise followed advances of 1.0 percent in November and 0.6 percent in October.
On an unadjusted basis, final demand prices moved up 9.7 percent in 2021, the largest calendar-year increase since data were first calculated in 2010.
In December, the advance in the final demand index can be traced to a 0.5-percent increase in prices for final demand services.
Conversely, the index for final demand goods decreased 0.4 percent.
Prices for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services rose 0.4 percent in December following a 0.8-percent increase in November.
In 2021, the index for final demand less foods, energy, and trade services moved up 6.9 percent, following a 1.3-percent advance in 2020.
I find the prospect of 7 rate hikes in 2022 more than a bit amusing. Here’s a good way of looking at things.
0 to 2 hikes: 33.8%
3 hikes: 30.2%
4 or more hikes: 36.0%
The median projection is now a bit more than 3 hikes this year. 4 and 2 rate hikes are at nearly equal odds, but 5, 6, an 7 hikes rated a combined 13% vs 0 to 1 hike at a combined 10.8%
The change in rate hike odds today reflect the surge in yields that also happened today.
The population of the United States grew in the past year by 392,665, or 0.1%, the lowest rate since the nation’s founding.
The slow rate of growth can be attributed to decreased net international migration, decreased fertility, and increased mortality due in part to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Between July 1, 2020, and July 1, 2021, the nation’s growth was due to natural increase (148,043), which is the number of excess births over deaths, and net international migration (244,622).
This is the first time that net international migration (the difference between the number of people moving into the country and out of the country) has exceeded natural increase for a given year.
The voting-age resident population, adults age 18 and over, grew to 258.3 million, comprising 77.8% of the population in 2021.
How many rate hikes are coming? The Fed thinks 6 by the end of 2023. I am unconvinced the Fed gets in any hikes in 2022 and certainly not 6 by the end of 2023.
These ridiculous predictions assume there will not be another recession in “the longer run”.
Central banks like to pretend they will hike, but by the time comes, they have delayed so long they find an excuse to no do so.
Possible excuses: A recession, stock market plunge, another pandemic, global warming, global cooling, or an asteroid crash.
Central banks will find some excuse to delay hikes. But the most likely excuse is a recession or stock market crash.